© Fannie Mae Single Family Selling Guide

What Are Liquid Financial Reserves?

Liquid financial reserves are those liquid or near liquid assets that are available to a borrower after the mortgage closes. Liquid financial reserves include cash and other assets that are easily converted to cash by the borrower by

drafting or withdrawing funds from an account,
selling an asset,
redeeming vested funds, or
obtaining a loan secured by assets from a fund administrator or an insurance company.

Reserves are measured by the number of months of the qualifying payment amount for the subject mortgage (based on PITIA) that a borrower could pay using his or her financial assets. For monthly housing expense and qualifying payment requirements, see B3-6-03, Monthly Housing Expense (05/28/2013) and B3-6-04, Qualifying Payment Requirements (04/15/2014).

The definition of reserves applies to both manually underwritten mortgage loans and loan casefiles underwritten through DU. Funds to close are subtracted from available assets when considering sufficient assets for reserves.

Acceptable Sources of Reserves

Examples of liquid financial assets that can be used for reserves include readily available funds in

checking or savings accounts;
investments in stocks, bonds, mutual funds, certificates of deposit, money market funds, and trust accounts;
the amount vested in a retirement savings account; and
the cash value of a vested life insurance policy.

Unacceptable Sources of Reserves

The following cannot be counted as part of the borrower’s reserves:

funds that have not been vested;
funds that cannot be withdrawn under circumstances other than the account owner’s retirement, employment termination, or death;
stock held in an unlisted corporation;
non-vested stock options and non-vested restricted stock;
personal unsecured loans;
interested party contributions (IPCs) (see B3-4.1-02, Interested Party Contributions (IPCs) (08/07/2018));
any amount of a lender contribution (see B3-4.3-06, Donations From Entities (05/01/2018)); and
cash proceeds from a cash-out refinance transaction on the subject property.

Supplementing Borrower Funds

Funds received from acceptable sources may be used to supplement the borrower’s funds to satisfy any financial reserve requirement.

Determining Required Minimum Reserves

Minimum required reserves vary depending on

the transaction,
the occupancy status and amortization type of the subject property,
the number of units in the subject property, and
the number of other financed properties the borrower currently owns.

Manually underwritten loans : The minimum required reserves are documented in the Eligibility Matrix. However, when a borrower has multiple financed properties and is financing a second home or investment property, the lender must apply the applicable additional reserve requirements for the other financed second home and investment property transactions. Refer to the Calculation of Reserves for Multiple Financed Properties below for additional details.

DU loan casefiles : DU will determine the reserve requirements based on the overall risk assessment of the loan, the minimum reserve requirement that may be required for the transaction, and whether the borrower has multiple financed properties.

If a borrower has multiple financed properties and is financing a second home or investment property, DU will base the reserve calculations for the other financed properties on the number of financed properties determined by DU. Refer to the Calculation of Reserves for Multiple Financed Properties below for additional details.

Note: DU Refi Plus and Refi Plus mortgage loans are exempt from the minimum reserve requirements.

Calculation of Reserves for Multiple Financed Properties

If the borrower owns other financed properties (determined in accordance with B2-2-03, Multiple Financed Properties for the Same Borrower (10/31/2017)), additional reserves must be calculated and documented for financed properties other than the subject property and the borrower’s principal residence. The other financed properties reserves amount must be determined by applying a specific percentage to the aggregate of the outstanding unpaid principal balance (UPB) for mortgages and HELOCs on these other financed properties. The percentages are based on the number of financed properties:

2% of the aggregate UPB if the borrower has one to four financed properties,
4% of the aggregate UPB if the borrower has five to six financed properties, or
6% of the aggregate UPB if the borrower has seven to ten financed properties (DU only).

The aggregate UPB calculation does not include the mortgages and HELOCs that are on

the subject property,
the borrower’s principal residence,
properties that are sold or pending sale, and
accounts that will be paid by closing (or omitted in DU on the online loan application).

Simultaneous Second Home or Investment Property Transactions

If a lender is processing multiple second home or investment property applications simultaneously, the same assets may be used to satisfy the reserve requirements for both mortgage applications. Reserves are not cumulative for multiple applications.

Example: A lender is simultaneously processing two refinance applications for two investment properties owned by the borrower. The application for property A requires reserves of $5,000. The application for property B requires reserves of $10,000. Because the reserves are covering the same properties, the lender does not have to verify $15,000 in reserves, but only those required per each application.

Examples of Reserves Calculations

The following tables contain examples of reserves calculations for borrowers with multiple financed properties.

Example 1: Three Financed Properties

Occupancy	Outstanding UPB	Monthly PITIA	Reserves Calculations
Subject: Second Home	$78,750	$776	2 Months PITIA =	$1,552
Principal	$0	$179	N/A	$0
Investor	$87,550	$787	$230,050 x 2% =	$4,601
Investor	$142,500	$905	$230,050 x 2% =	$4,601
	$230,050		Total =	$6,153

Example 2: Six Financed Properties

Occupancy	Outstanding UPB	Monthly PITIA	Reserves Calculations
Subject: Investor	$78,750	$776	6 Months PITIA =	$4,656
Principal	$133,000	$946	N/A	$0
Investor	$87,550	$787	$345,030 x 4% =	$13,801
Investor	$142,500	$905
Investor	$84,950	$722
Investor	$30,030	$412
	$345,030		Total =	$18,457

Example 3: Eight Financed Properties (DU ONLY)

Occupancy	Outstanding UPB	Monthly PITIA	Reserves Calculations
Subject: Investor	$78,750	$776	6 Months PITIA =	$4,656
Principal	$133,000	$946	N/A	$0
Investor	$87,550	$787	$629,530 x 6% =	$37,772
Investor	$142,500	$905
Investor	$84,950	$722
Investor	$30,030	$412
Second Home	$124,500	$837
Investor	$160,000	$1,283
	$629,530		Total =	$42,427

Additional Resources

B2-2-03, Multiple Financed Properties for the Same Borrower (10/31/2017);
B3-4.4-01, Asset Verification (04/03/2018);
B3-6-03, Monthly Housing Expense (05/28/2013); and
B3-6-04, Qualifying Payment Requirements (04/15/2014).

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